Electric instrument.



E. A. HALBLEIB.

ELECTRIC INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED D3016, 1910.

1,011,616, Patented Dec. 12, 1911.

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EDWARD A. HALBLEIB, or ROCHESTER, NnwyoRK, Assrsuon To NORTHEAST ELEC-TBIC COMPANY, or ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION.

JnLnoTmo INSTRUMENT. I

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1911.

Application filed December 16, 1910. Serial No. 597,730.

To all :whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD A. HALE- LEIB, a citizen of the UnitedStates,and'

ments, such as relays, electric valves and the like, of the type inwhich an armature.

of soft iron, or of other paramagnetic material, is employed, and inwhich the armature itself is magnetized and polarized by means of afixed magnet connected with, or located adjacent to, the armature.

One object of the invention is to produce an instrument of the t pc inquestion which is both compact and e cicnt, and to this end I employ anarrangement in which a loopshaped permanent magnet surrounds an'elect-romagnet arranged normal to the plane of the permanent magnet,the electromagnethavinga polar extension upon which the armature ismounted in a position adjacent "the polar extremities of the permanentmagnet.

Another object of the invention is to promitted through the substance ofthe armature from its pivotal support.

A third object of the invention is to produce an instrument in which themagnetization of the permanent magnet employed to olarize the instrumentma be maintained indefinitely, without sufi'ermg the diminution usuallyresulting in such instruments, from lapse of time or from vibrations inthe instrument. To this end I employ, in

connection with a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, both of whichact upon an armature, a magnetic-connection between the electromagnetand the permanent magnet which is so arranged as to constitute at alltimes a magnetic bridge or keeper for the latter without theintervention of any airspace.

. Other objects of the invention, and the details of construction andoperation by which they are secured, will be set forth in connectionwith the following description of the embodiment of the'inventionillustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings :Fignre 1 is a front-elevation of an electric instrumentembodying the present invention; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 inFig. 1, looking from left to right; and Fig. 3 is a plan-view of theinstrument of Fig. 1. v

The illustrated embodiment of the invention is an instrument adaptedparticularly for use as an electric Valve, although it is adapted foruse also as a relay, by changes in the connections and the winding whichwill be obvious tothose skilled in the art. It is an instrument of thepolarized type, having a permanent magnet 4; in the form of an openloop, of which the extremities 5 and 6 constitute the poles of themagnet.

As the illustrated instrument is particu larly designed for use inconnection with an electric generator, and is inclosed within the casingof the generator, itv is not provided with a base or casing, but thepermanentmagnet is secured to a cross-bar 7 vof soft T iron, by means ofscrews 8, and the crossbar has perforations 9 through which screws, orother fastening devices, may be passed to mount the'instrument in place.At the cen* ter of the magnet t is a core 10 of soft iron, which issecured in place on the cross-bar 7 by means of a nut 11 screwed on theend of the core. The core is insulated from the crossbar, as shown inFigs. 2 and 3, for reasons which will presently appear. The core is madehollow, shown, to adapt it forusc in connection with an electricgenerator, but the opening through the core has no function in theoperation of the instrument. At the forward end of the core is anupwardlyextending block or polar extension 1.2 secured to the core bymeans of screws 13. The block 12 tapers upwardly, and a pivotpin 14 isfixed in its upper end. Upon this armature consisting of .a plate ofsoft-iron.

The armature is secured upon the pivot-pin by means of a collar 16 fixedon the upper end of the pin.

The arn'lature cooperates with the polar extremities 5 and 6 of thepermanent mag net, these extremities being beveled, as shown in Fig. 3,to concentrate the mag netism adjacent the ends of the armature. Thearmature itself serves as a movable electric contact, and cooperateswith a fixedcontact in the form of spring-fingers 17 formed at the endof a metal plate, which may be soldered, or otherwise fixed,to the troutot' the permanent magnet. This plate is provided with a sleeve 18 inwhich a con ueeling wire may be soldered. The insulation between thecore 10 and the cross-bar 7 is to prevent a short-circuit between thearmature and the permanent magnet, and the electrical connections withthe armature may he made through the block 12 by soldering, or otherwiseattaching, a suitable conductor at any convenient point. The

pole G of the permanent magnet is provided with a plug 19 of insulatingmaterial, to prevent the armature from making contact with this pole ofthe permanent magnet.

The core 10 is surrounded by a solenoid 21 which is concentric with thepermanent magnet and substantially fills the space between the magnetand the core. This solenoid is shown in the drawings as comprising acoarse winding of low resistance and a fine winding of comparativelyhigh resistance. These two windings are employed when the device is usedas an electric valve, in a manner well known tr those skilled in theart, but a simple winding may be used when the device is to be employedas a relay. The magnetic lines produced by the flow of current throughthe solenoid 21 follow a magnetic circuit which embraces the core 10,the cross-piece 7, the block 12, the arma ture, and also the upperextremities of the permanent magnet. In this manner the armature ispolarized with. one polarity throughout, that is, in both of itsmagnetically-operative extremities. According to the direction of flowof current in the solenoid, therefore, the armature tends to swingtoward one pole or the other of the permanent magnet, and thus to makeor break the ci cuit controlled by the armature and the fixed contact17,

An important feature of the invention consists in a device by which thepolarization of the armature is rendered more ettective than can beaccomplished by merely transmitting the lines of force from the block 12to the armature,and thence through the armature to its ends. To this endI employ a T-shaped plate 22 of soft iron which constitutes a polarextension of the electromagnet. The upper portion of this plate liesdirectly in front of the.armature, and

the magnetic lines flow upwardly and then outwardly in this plate topoints adjacent the ends of the armature. From these points the magneticlines flow directly, through a slight air-space, to the ends of thearmature, thus strongly polarizing the armature by magnetic lines[lowing independently of the pivotal support of the armature. Thisdevice greatly strengthens the operation ofv the armature, while; at thesame time permitting the use of a light ainnature delicately pivoted andfreely movable.

The iron cross-bar 7, in addition to the functions hereinbeforedescribed, performs the further important function of a keeper for thepermanent magnet. It will be apparent that this bar allords, at all.times a metallic path for lines of force from one side of the permanentmagnet to the other, or, in other words, it constitutes a shortcircuitfor the portion of the magnet intermediate the points oi connection withthe cross-bar. This arrangement tends, as will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art, to

maintain the magnetization ot-thc permanent magnet and prevent thegradual loss which occurs in magnets of which the magnetic circuits arenormally open.

The arrangement of the core 10 normal to the plane of the loop-shapedpermanent magnet, and the arrangen'ient of the sole noid within thespace between the core and the magnet, produce a very compact instriement, which is also efficient owing to the employment of substantiallyclosed magnetic circuits. In this connection it will be obvious thatwhile the circular form of the loop-shaped magnet and ot the solenoid ispreferable where the instrument is to be employed in a cincular space,such as the generator-casing, the invention is not limited to thiscircular form.

Another advantage of the construction above described resides in thefact that the armature is symmetrical with respect to its pivotalsupport, and thus the instrun'ientmay be employed in any position andwill not be substantially etl'ected by vibrations such as areencountered under some conditions of use.

I claim 1- 1. An electric instrument having. in combination, tworelatively-fixed magmas with opi'iosed.adjacent polar extremities. oneol' said magnets being an electromagnet. and a paramagnetic armaturehaving a portion located directly bctweensaid polar extremities andmovable from one toward the oth r alternatively.

2. An electric instrument having, in combination. two relatively-tixedmagnets with opposed adjacent polar extremities. one of said magnetsbeing an clectromagnet. and a. paramagnetic armature pivoted upon, and

' polarized by, one magnet and having a portion located directly betweensaid polar extremities and movable from one toward the otheralternatively.

3. An electric instrument having, in com bination, two relatively-fixedmagnets with opposed adjacent polar extremities, one of said magnetsbeing an electromagnet, and a paramagnetic armature pivoted upon, andpolarized by, the electromagnet and having a portion located directlybetween said polar extremities and movable from one toward the otheralternatively.

4. An electric instrument having, in combination, two relatively-fixedmagnets, one of saidmagnets having oppositely-polarized extremities andthe other magnet having two extremities of one polarity located adjacentand opposite to the oppositely-polarized extremities, respectively, ofthe first magnet, and one of said magnets being an elect-romagnet, and aparamagnetic armature hav ing two portions located directly between saidopposed pairs of polar extremities, re

spectively, the armature being pivoted bemagnet, respectively, and aparamagnetic. armature having two. portions located be-- tween saidadjacent pairs offpolar extremities, respectively, the armature beingpivoted, between its said portions, so as to be movable between anddirectly toward and from said polar extremities alternatively accordingto the direction of magnetization of the e'lectromagnet.

6. An electric'instrument having, in combination, two relatively-fixedmagnets, one of said magnets being a permanent magnet withoppositely-polarized extremities, and the other magnet being anelectromagnet and having two extremities of one polarity locatedadjacent the.oppositely-polarized extremities, respectively, of thefirst magnet, and a paramagnetic armature having two portions locatedbetween said adjacent pairs of polar extremities, respectively, thearmature being pivoted, between its said portions, upon theelectromagnet so as to be movable between said polar extremitiesaccording to the direction of magnetization of the electromagnet.

7. An electric instrument having, in combination, a fixed magneticcircuit with adj acent opposed polar extremities, a winding forenergizing said circuit, and-a paramagnetic armature pivoted on andpolarized by one pole of said circuit and having a portion locateddirectly between said polar extremities and movable from onetoward theother alternatively.

8. An electric instrument having, in combination, a fixed magneticcircuit with adjacent opposed polar extremities, having apermanently-magnetized portion, a winding for energizing said circuit,and a paramag.

netic armature pivoted on and polarized by one pole of said circuit andhaving a portion located directly between said polar extremities andmovable from one toward the other alternatively;

9, An electric instrument having, in combination, a permanent magnet, anelectromagnet having extremities at one pole located adjacent both polarextremities of the permanent magnet, and a paramagnetic armature havingportions located btween the polarextremities of both magnets, thearmature being pivoted between its said portions so as to bermovablebetween said polar extremities.

10. An electric instrument having, in combination, a permanent magnet,an electromagnet having extremities at one pole located adjacent bothpolar extremities, respectively, of the permanent magnet, and'aparamagnetic armature having portions 10- cated between the polarextremities of both magnets, the armature being pivoted between its saidportions and upon said poleof the electromagnet so as to be movablebetween said polar extremities.

11. An electric instrument having, in combination, a permanent magnet,an electromagnet connected magnetically, at one pole,

of the magnet, and a paramagnetic armature pivoted upon said extensibnwith its extremities adjacent and movable toward and from the polarextremities.

13. An electric'instrument having, in com-- bination, a loop-shapedpermanent magnet, a paramagnetic core fixed within and normal to theplane of said magnet, a solenoid lying within the magnet and surroundingthe core, a polar extension from one end of the core directed toward thepolar extremities of the ma gnet, a paramagnetic armature pivoted uponsaid extension with its extre nities adjacent and movable toward andfrom the polar extremities of the permanent magnet, and a paramagneticyoke connecting the other end of the core with said magnet.

14. An electric instrument having, in combination. a loop-shapedpermanent magnet, a paramagnetic core fixed within and normal to theplane of said magnet, a solenoid lying within the magnet and surroundingthe core, a polar extension trom'one end of the core having extremitiesadjacent the polar extremities of the permanentmagnet, and aparamagnetic armature pivoted upon said extension and extending betweenthe polar extremities of said extension and said permanent magnet.

15. An electric instrument having, in combination, a permanent magnet,an electroniagnet connected magnetically, at one pole, with thepermanent magnet at a point. intermediate the ends of the latter, andprovided, at its other pole, with extensions projectin respectively,toward the poles of the permaneut magnet, a paramagnetic armature lyingalongside said projections, with its ends adjacent to, and cooperatingrespectively with, the poles of. the permanent magnet,

and a pivotal support for the armature at a point intermediate its ends.

it An electric mstrmnent having, in combination. a loop-shaped permanentmagnet, a paramagnetic member magnetically connected with the permanentmagnet at two points intermediate the poles of said magnet so as toprovide a magnetic bridge or keeper for the magnet, a winding upon saidparamagnetic member whereby it may. be polarized to produce a free poleremote from said points of connection, and an armature located adjacentto said free pole and similarly polarized thereby at both of its ends,the armature being pivotally supported intermediate its ends and withits ends adja cent to, and cooperating respectively with, the poles ofthe permanent magnet.

17 An electric instrument having, in combination, a loop-shapedpermanent magnet, a paramagnetic member comprising a crossbarmagnetically connected, at its ends, with the permanent magnet at pointssubstantially equidistant from the poles of the magnet, and an extensionfrom said cross-bar toward the poles of said magnet, a paramagneticarmature pivotally mounted at its middle upon said extension and havingits ends extending into proximity with the poles of said magnet, and awinding upon said paramagnetic member for polarizing the armature.

' EDWARD AIL-XLBLEIB.

Vitnesses Finns UM F. DORSEY, D. GURNEE.

